“I buy on the assumption that they could close the market the next day and not reopen it for five years.”
— Warren Buffett
A critical pearl of wisdom from Warren Buffett teaches us that with any potential stock investment we may make, as soon as our buy order is filled we will have a choice: to remain a co-owner of that company for the long haul, or to react to the inevitable short-term ups and downs that the stock market is famous for (sometimes sharp ups and downs).
The reality of this choice forces us to challenge our confidence in any given company we might invest into, and keep our eyes on the long-term time horizon. The market may go up and down the interim, but over a five year holding period, will the investment succeed?
Back in 2014, investors may have been asking themselves that very question about Citigroup Inc (NYSE: C). Let’s examine what would have happened over a five year holding period, had you invested in C shares back in 2014 and held on.
| Start date: | 09/05/2014 |
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| End date: | 09/04/2019 | ||||
| Start price/share: | $52.30 | ||||
| End price/share: | $64.28 | ||||
| Starting shares: | 191.20 | ||||
| Ending shares: | 205.00 | ||||
| Dividends reinvested/share: | $4.50 | ||||
| Total return: | 31.77% | ||||
| Average annual return: | 5.67% | ||||
| Starting investment: | $10,000.00 | ||||
| Ending investment: | $13,175.24 | ||||
As we can see, the five year investment result worked out well, with an annualized rate of return of 5.67%. This would have turned a $10K investment made 5 years ago into $13,175.24 today (as of 09/04/2019). On a total return basis, that’s a result of 31.77% (something to think about: how might C shares perform over the next 5 years?). [These numbers were computed with the Dividend Channel DRIP Returns Calculator.]
Dividends are always an important investment factor to consider, and Citigroup Inc has paid $4.50/share in dividends to shareholders over the past 5 years we looked at above. Many an investor will only invest in stocks that pay dividends, so this component of total return is always an important consideration. Automated reinvestment of dividends into additional shares of stock can be a great way for an investor to compound their returns. The above calculations are done with the assuption that dividends received over time are reinvested (the calcuations use the closing price on ex-date).
Based upon the most recent annualized dividend rate of 2.04/share, we calculate that C has a current yield of approximately 3.17%. Another interesting datapoint we can examine is ‘yield on cost’ — in other words, we can express the current annualized dividend of 2.04 against the original $52.30/share purchase price. This works out to a yield on cost of 6.06%.
Another great investment quote to think about:
“There’s a virtuous cycle when people have to defend challenges to their ideas. Any gaps in thinking or analysis become clear pretty quickly when smart people ask good, logical questions.” — Joel Greenblatt
